Improving Your Reading Comprehension
Have you ever caught yourself reading on autopilot? Like operating a car, reading becomes second nature, and you might find yourself not fully comprehending the text's whole meaning. However, reading without comprehension may occur even more subtly. You may read through a paragraph, think you understand it at the moment, but then immediately forget what it said.
To fully succeed in college, you need reading comprehension strategies. Utilizing these methods will help prepare you for test day. Reading also exposes college students to new viewpoints, helping them form arguments and choose credible sources.
Below, we discuss common challenges students face when reading, as well as strategies, techniques, and how to improve reading speed.
College-Level Reading Challenges
Reading academic texts, primary sources, and white papers requires flexibility. Readers must adapt their comprehension skills to different writing styles and topics. For example, when reading through a biology text, learners should pay attention to how the text relates to the study of living organisms. However, for a sociology text, readers should comprehend it through the lens of social relationships and interactions among individuals.
A heavy reading load also challenges college students, as professors do not account for lengthy reading requirements in other classes. As such, learners should practice time management skills. Attempting to read large quantities of text in one night does not set a person up for success.
Become a Time Pessimist
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Certain texts challenge some students more than others. It takes time to learn economic jargon or math formulas. Do not shy away from writing down words you do not understand, and then move on. Come back to these words later and search for their meanings. Context clues often hint at the definition too.
Although we briefly discussed some tips for reading challenges in this section, we delve deeper into effective college reading strategies in the next section.
How to Study with Dyslexia and Dysgraphia
Effective College Reading Strategies
A quick Google search offers various types of reading comprehension tips. With so many resources available, it may feel overwhelming. Additionally, not every strategy works for every student. Start by implementing these nine methods for active reading first before attempting more specific reading strategies, which we discuss in a later section.
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While socializing in the student union may bring you joy, reading there does not suit everyone. The same goes for home, where the temptation to procrastinate makes scrolling social media or doing the dishes seem enjoyable. To prevent indulging in a distraction, consider heading to the library and temporarily disabling notifications.
Doing a quick skim of the text allows you to form a general idea of the topic. Consider reading the headings and first sentence of each paragraph first as a preview. Then, read it a second time, but pay more attention to the details. Note what sections you stumble upon and fail to comprehend the first time, and pay extra attention the second time.
Consider setting up a shortcut on your computer that allows you to access an online dictionary quickly. However, we suggest first consulting a textbook's glossary for a context-driven definition. Write the terms down on flashcards if needed and quiz yourself.
Many learners retain information better if they take notes. Consider handwriting or typing out the reading material's main idea in a bullet point format. Add to these notes during class lectures and review the final result before the exam. Using this method may prevent the necessity to reread the material a second time during the studying process.
If a question occurs to you while reading, don't anticipate that you will remember it come lecture day. Simply write it down, and keep reading. You may find the answer in a later assigned chapter. If not, consider emailing it to your professor or asking it during the next class session.
In this step, try summarizing the main points of the reading into one paragraph and then narrow it down to one sentence. This will incorporate critical thinking skills and help your brain process the most vital information. Write this paragraph down, read it aloud, and memorize it. Then, do the same for the single sentence.
Even if you don't identify as a visual learner, never skip over the graphics. Many professors include exam questions that refer directly to a graph or photo caption. Spend a few moments studying the textbook images, and then close your eyes and try to recall what you just looked at from memory.
We know you didn't read it here first, but cram studying sessions fueled by procrastination rarely yield successful results. Do not try to read an entire unit's worth of reading the night before the exam. Breaking reading up into 15-30 increments per evening often works best.
Grab a friend, grab a coffee, and talk about your new knowledge. Although you can discuss what you read with a classmate, you can also bring specific educational topics up in casual conversations with anyone. Also, do not underestimate the power of engaging in classroom discussions. Not only will you rake in those participation points, but you may also retain more information and hear interesting viewpoints.
How to Improve Reading Speed and Comprehension
To keep up with course demands while fulfilling other life responsibilities, individuals must practice their speed reading skills. However, reading too quickly without comprehension strategies does not usually yield successful results. In the following sections, we discuss five-speed reading methods that help students.
Since most people have been reading since age five, many readers can think about other things while they speed read. However, a person must stay entirely focused on a text for complete comprehension, and anyone can train themselves to concentrate better and avoid multitasking. Reading quickly may prevent a mind from wandering, so speed reading can lead to better overall comprehension. Iris Reading offers a free comprehension and memory course to help learners develop both speed reading and comprehension skills.
For starters, skimming a textbook helps prevent information overload. Additionally, sometimes a student simply cannot avoid cramming before an exam due to scheduling conflicts. Consider utilizing a skimming technique, like pointer finger reading. A school teacher popularized this reading method in the 1950s when she discovered gliding her finger across words allowed her to read 2,700 words per minute. Students may also benefit from previewing a text by skimming before doing a thorough reading.
While most textbook editors design the publication for front-to-back reading, reading from back-to-front presents a few benefits. For starters, most chapters include a summary section. Reading this part first allows a learner to capture the essential information while their mind still feels fresh.
Additionally, textbook chapters typically include practice questions at the end. Glancing over these first offers hints at what to pay close attention to while reading.
This method for enhanced reading comprehension considers that memory involves three components. These components include impression, association, and repetition. When something makes an impression on a person, they likely remember it. An individual can increase a reading's impression on them by forming a mental image and exaggerating the scene in a shocking, memorable way.
For association, readers should try and form connections about details that relate to their everyday life. To remember a date, a reader could relate it to a friend's birthday. To utilize repetition, a reader should simply reread assignments.
Francis P. Robinson, an American educational psychologist, discovered this reading comprehension method in 1946. The acronym stands for survey, question, read, recite, and review. To utilize this method, learners should first skim headings, pictures, and bold words. Then, they should write down initial questions. Next comes the reading stage, which should fill in gaps and answer questions from the previous sections. Finally, reading aloud and then reviewing the sections further solidifies the acquired knowledge.
Coordinator of Instructional Services, Niagara University's Academic Success Center
Expert Q&A: Tips to Set Yourself Up for Success
Q. How is reading in college different from reading in high school?
There's a lot more of it, and it has to be done, rather than simply should be done. In high school, there's a lot of memorizing facts. In college, it's different. If a professor assigns something, you're expected to read it. What I've been hearing from students is that when they were in high school, the teacher would assign a book and no one would read it.
So, the teacher would wind up reading aloud to the class. When that happens, students don't get the practice, they don't get the exposure to language, and they don't get the time to read and reflect. If they don't have the practice, and they don't have the exposure, they may give up easily. If students get frustrated and they just give up, it affects their confidence and their self-esteem.
Q. What's the biggest challenge for students moving up to college-level reading?
Many students just haven't practiced. If students haven't read much before college, their background knowledge is limited. There's a significant drop-off in newspaper reading. That's a problem because the more you read, the more language you're exposed to. I've read about students spelling valedictorian as "valid Victorian." They've never seen the word before. It almost doesn't matter what you read as long as you read. People who don't want to read Hemingway might be able to read "Fifty Shades of Grey." Some people will say, "That's kind of trashy." I don't care if it's trashy. Practicing makes you better.
Q. What's the biggest reading mistake students make?
There are a few. Avoidance of reading is a big problem. Some of it occasionally has to do with a learning disability. Some of it has to do with attention span. Most students just haven't had the practice. Reading is a skill you build up over time. Another one is that students will see unfamiliar words, and they just skip over them without looking up the words. They admit it. I tell them, "You're walking around with a dictionary in your pocket. Why don't you just look up the word on your phone?" But if students don't know what the word means, they miss a lot of meaning, and that translates into errors on tests.
Q. Some material is going to be difficult for anyone, even avid readers. Say my professor assigns a complicated legal argument or a highly technical paper. How do I approach the assignment?
Attitude is very important. If you're going to read something difficult, just tell yourself, "This is going to be the best thing I've ever read." Keep an open mind, and stay positive. Break it up into chunks. Take a break — get up and move around every few minutes. Not everything is going to be fun. Keep your ultimate goal in mind. A lot of students are in college because they want good jobs, and when you're in the workplace, you're going to have to read things you're not crazy about — whether it's technical material, correspondence, or annual reports. I tell students, "Welcome to adulthood. Sometimes you have to do things you're not crazy about."
Q. How about note-taking while reading? What tactics should students use?
Too many students want to highlight. Highlighting is OK, but it can be coloring after a while. Writing a little summary in the margin is much more effective because it forces you to put the material in your own words. If you realize you can't summarize a section, that tells you to go back and read it again.
Reading Comprehension Tools and Resources
Annotated Text
This resource permits you to write in your textbook. Grab a pencil and circle sections of importance, underline terms you need to define, and write inferences as they occur to you.
Dartmouth's Reading Techniques
This ivy-league research school offers tips for reading success. They break down the key to reading success in five steps and discuss factors that slow down reading pace.
Effective Paraphrasing Strategies
Paraphrasing not only helps essay writers, it also helps readers. Walden University discusses the power of paraphrasing and paraphrasing strategies.
Interpreting Texts Critically
Writers usually create with a motive. Although most college textbook authors write to inform, other writers create to persuade. This resource discusses how to read from a critical perspective.
Reading Comprehension: Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions
Most college courses require students to write critical essays to demonstrate reading comprehension. Refer to this resource to learn how to form conclusions and infer knowledge on readings that do not explicitly state a precise meaning.
Reading a Textbook for True Understanding
Cornell University, another ivy league school, provides information on reading texts thoroughly. This resource even covers a formula for budgeting reading time.
Rewordify
Rewordify instantly transforms complicated text into easy-to-understand terms. Save this site for challenging sentences or paragraphs. Although searching for context clues forms critical thinking skills, Rewordify saves time.
Snap&Read
This reading comprehension tool costs $60 for a year. Consider trying the free trial, which offers a reading toolkit that works well with digital textbooks. Users can highlight sections to reread later, conveniently translate words from different languages, and even use a text-to-speech feature.
Staying Afloat: Some Scattered Suggestion on Reading in College
This resource brings up a valid point: Professors often assign more reading than a student can read in a typical fashion. However, this doesn't mean learners cannot possibly comprehend the assignment. Scan this site to pick up on additional reading comprehension strategies.
Textbook Reading Systems
On this page, Cornell outlines three common reading strategies for college students. This page also lists the acronyms for each, so learners may quickly remember the steps while reading.
College Learning and Resources Center
Tessa Cooper
Tessa Cooper is a freelance writer and editor who regularly contributes to international and regional publications focused on education and lifestyle topics. She earned a bachelor's in public relations from Missouri State University and is passionate about helping learners avoid high student loan debt while pursuing their dream major. Tessa loves writing about travel and food topics and is always planning her next meal or vacation.
FAQs
How fast should college students read? ›
you are ready to practice reading faster. The average college student reads about 350 words per minute. A "good" reading speed is around 500 to 700 words per minute, but some people can read a thousand words per minute.
What are the 7 strategies of reading skills? ›The seven strategies of highly skilled readers include activating, summarizing, monitoring and clarifying, visualizing and organizing, searching and selecting, questioning, and inferring.
How do college students read ADHD? ›Use active reading techniques—read headings before reading chapter, skim chapter to see what comes next, takes notes while reading, make up questions using chapter headings, practice answering these questions while reading, review major points. Use a laptop computer to take class notes.
How can I improve reading skills? ›- Have them read aloud. ...
- Provide books at the right level. ...
- Reread to build fluency. ...
- Talk to the teacher. ...
- Supplement their class reading. ...
- Talk about what they're reading.
The average reader will read 100 pages in 2.8 hours when reading at a speed of 300 words per minute (wpm). Typical documents that are 100 pages or more include full-length novels. A typical single-spaced page is 500 words long. You may read faster or slower than this depending on your average reading speed.
Can you study 100 pages in a day? ›Studying 100 pages in one day takes a lot of effort and willpower, but that's not impossible.
Is 30 pages an hour slow? ›While a slow reader will only get through 30 pages per hour, the average person can read around 40 pages per hour. Statistics show that quick readers can even go through 50 or 60 pages in one hour.
Why do students struggle with reading? ›Children may struggle with reading for a variety of reasons, including limited experience with books, speech and hearing problems, and poor phonemic awareness.
What makes a skilled reader? ›Skillful readers' speed of fluency enables them to think about whole phrases or sentences at once. The effortlessness of the word recognition process allows skillful readers to focus their active attention on the process of comprehension – on monitoring and assessing the message of the passage.
What are the 7 habits of a good reader? ›To improve students' reading comprehension, teachers should introduce the seven cognitive strategies of effective readers: activating, inferring, monitoring-clarifying, questioning, searching-selecting, summarizing, and visualizing-organizing.
What does ADHD look like in college? ›
ADHD is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity that interferes with function or development. Symptoms of Inattention: fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes. difficulty sustaining attention in tasks (even during play)
Why can't I focus when I read? ›Tips that can help you have strong focus when reading are: reduce distractions, use meta guiding, do not multitask, take breaks, maintain good reading posture, get enough sleep, eat well, grab a coffee, reduce stress, exercise regularly, use active reading, set a goal, and take a specialized course.
Why is reading so hard with ADHD? ›Reading can be difficult and frustrating for children with ADHD. This is due to issues of focusing, managing distractions, and processing and retaining information.
How can I improve my poor reading skills? ›- Build on existing knowledge. ...
- Identify and summarize key ideas. ...
- Use online resources. ...
- Use visual aids. ...
- Develop vocabulary skills. ...
- Implement thinking strategies. ...
- Create question and answer scenarios. ...
- Encourage reciprocal teaching.
- Personalize their learning path. ...
- Offer the right level of scaffolding at the right time. ...
- Provide systematic and cumulative instruction. ...
- Engage in multisensory activities. ...
- Supply at-home resources for parents. ...
- Motivate and reward success.
- Oral Language Deficit: ...
- Decoding Difficulties: ...
- Working Memory Overload: ...
- Executive Functioning Disorder (EFD): ...
- Disinterest or Boredom: ...
- Visual Processing Disorder: ...
- Aphasia and Dysphasia:
Facts About Round Robin Reading
Popcorn Reading: A student reads orally for a time, and then calls out “popcorn” before selecting another student in class to read.
- Read with Expression. ...
- Set a Purpose for Reading Strategies. ...
- Schema. ...
- Teaching Students to Read a Text. ...
- Make Reading Fun. ...
- Questions & Doubts. ...
- Connect & Predict. ...
- Reading Aloud.
- Quit More Books. It doesn't take long to figure out if something is worth reading. ...
- Choose Books You Can Use Instantly. ...
- Create Searchable Notes. ...
- Combine Knowledge Trees. ...
- Write a Short Summary. ...
- Surround the Topic. ...
- Read It Twice.
Bill Gates reads 50 books a year, at about 750 WPM (words per minute) with 90% comprehension, and attributes much of his success to reading.
How do you know if you are a slow reader? ›
For college-educated individuals, it is around 250-300 words per minute. Therefore, when you struggle to read at the average pace, you could be a slow reader. In contrast, speed-reading is achieved when you manage to read significantly more words than the average.
What is the fastest someone can read? ›The world's fastest reader record belongs to Howard Stephen Berg, popularly referred to as Speedy Berg. He read over 25,000 words per minute in 1990 and set the record at 80 pages per minute.
How do I study if I don't have time? ›- Multitask During Everyday Activities.
- Study in 25-Minute Spurts Throughout the Day.
- Fit Study Sessions into a Set Daily Schedule.
- Make the Most of Your Time in Class.
- Work in Study Conducive Environments Instead of Home.
- Collaborate with Your Classmates, Teacher, or Tutor.
Based on my personal experience,I would say, you can consider an average of at least 15 pages/hour. In the first hour, it should be around 20 pages. As every hour passes, the number of pages will start to decrease.
Is it OK to study one day before exam? ›With discipline and focus, you can still succeed on your exam with only one day to prepare. While it is always best to prepare for a test at least a week in advance, sometimes life gets in the way. There are a few ways to guarantee your best performance on your test with only one day to study.
Why do some people read so slow? ›Deficits or weaknesses in key cognitive processing areas can point to a root cause of slow and labored reading. Common areas of deficit that can impact reading speed are: Auditory processing. Visual processing.
How can I read 100 pages in 1 hour? ›- Read aloud frequently.
- If you don't know how to already, learn to touch type.
- Stop sub-vocalizing.
- Don't backtrack unless you really have to.
- Avoid distractions.
- Practice!
If you're a slow reader, you may read at closer to 125 to 200 words per minute. This means reading 50 pages will take you between 2.1 and 3.3 hours.
What is poor reading skills? ›Poor readers tend to read words one at a time whereas a good reader will tend to asses words in phrases so that each word is being assessed in the context of the phrase it sits in. This gives the good reader extra information to work out what each word means individually.
What are the characteristics of poor readers? ›Typical poor readers rarely prepare before reading. They often begin to read without setting goals. They seldom consider how best to read a particular type of text. During reading, poor readers may have difficulty decoding, and so have difficulty reading the words of their texts accurately.
What's the signs of dyslexia? ›
- Late talking.
- Learning new words slowly.
- Problems forming words correctly, such as reversing sounds in words or confusing words that sound alike.
- Problems remembering or naming letters, numbers and colors.
- Difficulty learning nursery rhymes or playing rhyming games.
Good Readers monitor their own comprehension. rereading, reading ahead, asking questions, paraphrasing, seeking help and visualizing to help them understand what they are reading.
What a good reader looks like? ›Good readers read texts in different ways, looking at the layout and headings, and reading quickly to get a general feel for the text (skimming), before reading more intensively or to find specific details (scanning).
How do you know if you are a good reader? ›- Interact with text.
- Have goals for reading.
- Evaluate text for important ideas.
- Note structure of text before reading.
- Make predictions.
- Contruct, revise, and question as they read.
- Monitor their understanding as they read.
- Read different kinds of text differently.
- Carry your book(s) everywhere. There's always an opportunity to read. ...
- Keep a list. There's a sense of fulfillment and motivation tracking the books you've read. ...
- Read multiple books. ...
- Mark it up. ...
- Share what you read. ...
- Listen to books. ...
- Buy cheap. ...
- Keep your eyes open.
There are three different styles of reading academic texts: skimming, scanning, and in-depth reading. Each is used for a specific purpose.
What college is best for ADHD? ›- American University: ...
- Curry College: ...
- Hofstra University: ...
- King's College: ...
- Mitchell College: ...
- Muskingum University: ...
- Northeastern University: ...
- University of Iowa:
Many ADHD students find that art majors suit them; others choose teaching, PR, physical education, and even accounting.
Can people with ADHD get good grades? ›We've talked a lot about the negatives. But ADHDers can achieve good grades or be considered “highly gifted”, which is often referred to as being 'twice-exceptional' or '2E'. But it's important to note that a high IQ score doesn't lessen the impact that ADHD can have on your life.
How can I read without forgetting? ›- Have a good night sleep to rest the brain. ...
- Study in a quiet environment. ...
- Focus on a topic at a time. ...
- Have a good grip of the language. ...
- Try to understand the "thought" of the writer. ...
- Try to write something down or underline some lines while reading.
How do you focus on reading in college? ›
- Practice Meditation.
- Exercise Before You Read.
- Improve Your Nutrition For Better Concentration.
- Set Up Your Environment For Fewer Distractions. ...
- Focus on the Motivation For Reading.
- Understand What You Need to Get Out Of The Reading.
- Set Small Targets to Get Started.
- Use Interval Reading Timers.
ADHD is often also associated with lower intelligence quotient (IQ; e.g., Crosbie and Schachar, 2001). For instance, Frazier et al. (2004) reported in their meta-analysis that in comparison to individuals without ADHD, individuals with ADHD score an average of 9 points lower on most commercial IQ tests.
How do people with ADHD read fun? ›- Read aloud instead of silently. ...
- Walk or pace around while you read. ...
- Take brief breaks for movement.
- Use audiobooks or have someone read to you. ...
- Opt for a hard copy. ...
- Talk about what you have just read. ...
- Use highlighter pens to underscore main points.
Mono-spaced fonts, such as Consolas and Courier New, are good for neurodiverse readers since they present fewer opportunities for confusion between letters.
What are the 10 strategies in reading? ›- Read with Expression. ...
- Set a Purpose for Reading Strategies. ...
- Schema. ...
- Teaching Students to Read a Text. ...
- Make Reading Fun. ...
- Questions & Doubts. ...
- Connect & Predict. ...
- Reading Aloud.
There are three different styles of reading academic texts: skimming, scanning, and in-depth reading. Each is used for a specific purpose.
What are those five 5 instructional strategies that support all learners to develop literacy skills? ›Consider the five categories of instructional strategies (direct, indirect, experiential, independent and interactive).
Why do college students not read? ›The most common reasons students give to explain why they did not read assigned materials are: They had too much to read. Their work schedule does not allow enough time for extensive reading. Their social life leaves little time for reading.
How do college students make reading fun? ›- Listen to audiobooks (especially during your commute to class.)
- Start reading before bed (no, not your Twitter feed.)
- Mix up your genres (and mediums.)
- It's dangerous to go alone! (Track what you read.)
- Remember—it's supposed to be fun.
- Track the words with your finger as a parent or teacher reads a passage aloud. Then you read it.
- Have a parent or teacher read aloud to you. Then, match your voice to theirs.
- Read your favorite books and poems over and over again. Practice getting smoother and reading with expression.
What is the most important reading skill? ›
Key takeaways. Decoding, fluency, and vocabulary skills are key to reading comprehension. Being able to connect ideas within and between sentences helps kids understand the whole text. Reading aloud and talking about experiences can help kids build reading skills.
What skill is most important for a student learning to read? ›Phonological Awareness
Phonological, or phonemic, awareness has been cited as the biggest factor in a child's future reading ability. Phonemic awareness is the ability to recognize and use individual sounds in words.
Skimming — getting the essence from reading material without reading all the words — boils down to knowing what parts to read and what parts to pass by.
How do you get higher level reading achievement? ›- Implement a coherent reading program at every level.
- Emphasize phonics and decoding in early grades.
- Read aloud to students at all levels.
- Maintain a literature-based approach, balancing fictional and nonfictional materials.
- Personalize their learning path. ...
- Offer the right level of scaffolding at the right time. ...
- Provide systematic and cumulative instruction. ...
- Engage in multisensory activities. ...
- Supply at-home resources for parents. ...
- Motivate and reward success.
Reading aloud to children helps build early literacy and social skills. For low-income communities, reading programs can offer access to a library, a place to go on the weekends or in the summer, and the opportunity to build foundational skills for literacy.